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Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Royal Charter of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh )〕 or RIE, often (but incorrectly) known as the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, or ERI,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Google Books Ngram Viewer )〕 was established in 1729 and is the oldest voluntary hospital in Scotland. The new buildings of 1879 were claimed to be the largest voluntary hospital in the United Kingdom, and later on, the Empire.〔"In Coming Days" The Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Souvenir Brochure 1942〕 The hospital moved to a new 900 bed site in 2003 in Little France. It is the site of clinical medicine teaching as well as a teaching hospital for the University of Edinburgh Medical School. It is currently run by NHS Lothian. In 1960, the first kidney transplant performed in the UK was performed at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh by surgeon Michael Woodruff.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.edren.org/pages/history/history-of-kidney-transplantation.php )〕 In 1964, the world's first coronary care unit was established at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh by Dr. Desmond Julian.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bhf.org.uk/html/Worlds-first-coronary-care-unit.html )〕 It is the only site for liver, pancreas and pancreatic islet cell transplantation and one of two sites for kidney transplantation in Scotland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.organdonation.nhs.uk/about_transplants/transplant_units/ )〕 It is currently the only site for TAVI in Scotland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bcpa.co.uk/pdf/TAVI_Accredited_Centres_June2013.pdf )〕 In 2012 the Emergency Department had 113,000 patient attendances, the highest number in Scotland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh: Emergency Department )〕 On 16 November 2014, the University announced the Royal Infirmary as the location of Scotland's first PET-MRI Scanner. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.stv.tv/east-central/299851-new-scanner-to-aid-university-of-edinburghs-dementia-research/ )〕
==Foundation and early history==
John Munro, President of the Incorporation of Surgeons in 1712, set in motion a project to establish a "Seminary of Medical Education" in Edinburgh, of which a General Hospital was an integral part.〔John Smith, The Origin, Progress and Present Position of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 1505-1905. Edinburgh: 1905〕 His son, Alexander Monro ''primus'', by then Professor of Anatomy, circulated an anonymous pamphlet in 1721 on the necessity and advantage of erecting a Hospital for the Sick Poor. In 1725 the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh wrote to the stock-holders of the Fishery Company, which was about to be wound up, suggesting that they assign their shares for the purpose of such a hospital. Other donors included many wealthy citizens, most of the physicians and several surgeons, numerous Church of Scotland parishes (at the urging of their Assembly) and the Episcopal meeting houses in Edinburgh.〔An Account of the Rise and Establishment of the Infirmary, or HOSPITAL for SICK-POOR, erected at Edinburgh. 1730. Reprinted prob. 1980〕 The committee set up by the donors leased "a house of small rent" near the College from the University for 19 years.
Known, at first, as the Hospital for the Sick Poor, the Physicians' Hospital, or Little House, it was established at the head of Robertson's Close on the site of the building on the corner of South Bridge and Infirmary Street, now marked with a plaque, on 6 August 1729. A "gentlewoman" was engaged as Mistress or House-keeper, and a "Nurse or Servant" was hired for the patients, both women to be resident and "free of the burden of children and the care of a separate family." The physicians, who had seen the poor ''gratis'' twice weekly at their college, arranged for one of their number to attend the hospital, to see both inpatients and outpatients. Six Chirurgeon-Apothecaries (including Alexander Monro) also agreed to attend in turn, and to dispense the medicines prescribed by the physicians from their own shops, also without payment. The first patient, a lady from Caithness suffering from "chlorosis," was discharged recovered after three months. Thirty five patients were admitted in the first year, of whom 19 were cured, 5 recovered, 5 dismissed either as incurable or for irregularities and one died in the hospital (of "consumption"). They came from all over Scotland, but mainly from Edinburgh and its environs. Diseases cured included pains, inflammations, agues, ulcers, cancers, palsies, flux, consumption, hysterick disorders and melancholy.
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